Add desktop icon for Gnome

Save the following in a file with the extension: .desktop

#!/usr/bin/env xdg-open

[Desktop Entry]
Version=1.0
Type=Application
Terminal=false
Exec=command to run here
Name=visible name here
Comment=comment here
Icon=icon path here

Create clickable icon in Ubuntu like SQL Developer – Desktop

Refer: http://askubuntu.com/questions/142159/desktop-shortcut-to-create-a-new-desktop-shortcut-doesnt-do-anything

Use the following to create an icon to launch program, put it with your progam and you can then drag it onto the taskbar, but remember it's a link to the launcher

To create Desktop shortcuts in Ubuntu,gnome-panel package is required first.

Open Terminal. To open terminal click the Dash home from Unity launcher. And type terminal in the search field. And click Terminal.

Type the below code in terminal and hit enter.

$ sudo apt-get install --no-install-recommends gnome-panel

Then type below code in terminal and hit enter, but put yourself in the the folder of the application, this allows the icon image to always appear properly

The magic is making sure your BASH script has proper permissions and is executable.

Make a Bash Script Executable, use chmod to do the trick as follows:
$ chmod u+x script-name.sh

Use this:
$ gnome-desktop-item-edit . --create-new

Instead of this
$ gnome-desktop-item-edit ~/Desktop/ --create-new

Updated: https://superuser.com/questions/552959/quickly-create-an-entry-in-the-side-bar-launcher
$ gnome-desktop-item-edit --create-new ~/.local/share/applications

Make sure you delete old items from here for cleanup:
/home/mruckman/.local/share/applications

The create launcher window will pop-up,Type application name in the name field and type application name or path or browse in the command field. And click OK button.

Now check your desktop for the shortcut.

desktop shortcut

If you want your shortcut to appear in the Unity launcher panel (the pop-out one on the left), you can drag it there from the desktop.

Changing Firefox Icon in VM

Use following command to locate firefox installtion:

$locate firefox

To determine location of icon PNG file, just in case

It's currently located here:

/usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/firefox.png

Right-click the browser icon in your VM choose properties, and then click the current icon, navigate to the following folder, and then click icon and choose the firefox.png icon.

/usr/share/icons/hicolor/48x48/apps/

Create Show Desktop Icon

Save the following as "Show Desktop.scf":
[Shell]
Command=2
IconFile=explorer.exe,3
[Taskbar]
Command=ToggleDesktop

You can then right-click and drag to the "Quick Launch" toolbar and choose copy here, if you drag-n-drop it only creates a shortcut. In that case, you will need to keep the source code where you saved it.